Makalu Base Camp Trek. This trail Take you to the base camp of world’s fifth highest mountain Makalu. Makalu is a close neighbor of Mt Everest, lying in the north-east region of Nepal. The Makalu Barun National Park, established in 1992, covers the Barun Valley which is part of a huge international protected area under an agreement between Nepal and China. The Park spreads just east to the Everest region, covering areas of the Solukhumbu and Sankhuwasabha districts of Nepal.
One of the most popular trekking peaks of Nepal, the Mera Peak (6654m), also lies in the Makalu Barun region. A large variety of common as well as endangered flora and fauna are protected in the region including rhododendrons, orchids, Snow Leopard, Red Panda, Musk Deer, Wild Boar, Wild Yak, Himalayan Thar, and more than 420 varieties of bird species. Some believe the area also to be home to the elusive Himalayan giant, the Yeti.
The Makalu Base Camp begins from Tumlingtar of mid-eastern Nepal, an hour’s flight from Kathmandu. The real walking starts from Chichila, a 3-hour’s drive from Tumlingtar. Following the beautiful Barun river valley in the Makalu Barun National Park, we cross various high passes such as Shipton La, Keke La and lakes such as Kalopokhari etc. While trekking, we rise from lowland of Tumlingtar on the Arun River to one of the highest Base Camps on earth, the Makalu Base Camp at 5000m. While on the way to the Makalu Base Camp, you will enjoy the views of the highest mountains such as Mt. Everest, Mt. Lhotse, Mt. Chamlang, Mt. Baruntse and other Himalayan mountains along with Makalu (8481m) itself.
Makalu Base Camp Trek Overview
- An hour by air with amazing view of mountain and hill
- Rhododendron forests, granite cliffs, hanging glaciers, and waterfalls along the way.
- View of the aspects of the Himalayan landscapes.
- Pass river gorges, sheer cliffs, spectacular waterfalls, high-altitude lakes and Sherpa and Rai villages.
- Visit Makalu Barun National Park at lower reaches as well as snow-capped mountains higher up.
- View natural ecosystems and wildlife, which includes red pandas, snow leopards and black bears.
18 Days Makalu Base Camp Trek Itinerary
Day 01: Arrival Ktm & Transfer to hotel – 1300m/4264ft
Day 02: Fly to Tumlingtar and drive to Chichila (1,840m/6035 ft): 9/10 hrs
Day 03: Trek to Num (1,500m/4920 ft): 6/7 hrs
Day 04: Trek to Seduwa (1,540m/5051 ft): 6/7 hrs
Day 05: Trek to Tashigaon (2,070m/6790 ft): 4/5 hrs
Day 06: Trek to Khongma (3,560m/11,676 ft): 6/7 hrs
Day 07: Rest & acclimatization day
Day 08: Cross Shipton La and trek to Debotay (3,650m/11,972 ft): 7/8 hrs
Day 09: Trek to Yangle Kharka (3,600m/11,808 ft): 5/6 hrs
Day 10: Trek to Merek (4,500m/14,760 ft):5/6 hrs
Day 11: Trek to Shersong: 6/7 hrs
Day 12: Day tour to Makalu Base Camp (5,000m/16,400 ft): 5/6 hrs
Day 13: Trek to Yangle Kharka: 8/9 hrs
Day 14: Trek to Mumbuk: 6/7 hrs
Day 15: Trek to Khongma: 6/7 hrs
Day 16: Trek to Tashigaon: 5/6 hrs
Day 17: Trek to Num: 4/5 hrs
Day 18: Trek to Chichila, Transfer to Tumlingtar: 9/10 hrs
Day 19: Fly back to Kathmandu
Day 20: Farewell/ Departure at airport.
Makalu Base Camp Trek Route & Map
Understanding the Makalu Base Camp Trek Route
The Makalu Base Camp trek route is one of Nepal’s most spectacular and remote trekking paths, taking you through diverse landscapes from subtropical forests to high-altitude alpine terrain. This comprehensive guide will help you understand every stage of the journey to the base of the world’s fifth-highest mountain.
Complete Route Overview
The Makalu Base Camp trek begins with a scenic flight from Kathmandu to Tumlingtar (1,010m), followed by a thrilling drive to Num (1,500m), your official starting point. From here, the trail winds through traditional Sherpa and Rai villages, crossing suspension bridges over roaring rivers, ascending through rhododendron and bamboo forests, and eventually reaching the stark, beautiful landscapes of the Makalu-Barun valley.
Key Route Highlights:
The trek follows a well-established path through eight main villages and settlements before reaching Makalu Base Camp at 4,870m. The route strategically gains altitude gradually, allowing for proper acclimatization while showcasing the region’s incredible biodiversity and cultural richness. Unlike the crowded trails of Everest or Annapurna, the Makalu Base Camp trek route offers solitude and authentic wilderness experience.
Detailed Trail Description by Section
Section 1: Tumlingtar to Num (Road Journey) Your adventure starts with a 6-7 hour drive from Tumlingtar airport through winding mountain roads. This journey offers stunning views of terraced farmlands and traditional Nepali villages. The road condition can be rough, especially during monsoon season, but it saves several days of trekking time.
Section 2: Num to Seduwa (1,540m) The first trekking day descends steeply to Barun River (435m) before climbing to Seduwa. This dramatic descent and ascent introduce you to the trail’s challenging nature. You’ll cross the impressive suspension bridge over Arun River and pass through Chichila village (1,920m), a traditional Sherpa settlement where you can observe local farming practices and Buddhist culture.
Section 3: Seduwa to Tashigaon (2,170m) The trail continues ascending through dense forests of rhododendron, oak, and bamboo. Tashigaon is the last permanent settlement before entering the Makalu-Barun National Park. This village serves as an important checkpoint where you’ll register your permits. The stone houses with slate roofs and prayer flags create a picturesque Himalayan scene.
Section 4: Tashigaon to Khongma (3,560m) This is a significant altitude gain day. The path enters the Makalu-Barun National Park and crosses through varied vegetation zones. You’ll notice the landscape changing from subtropical forests to alpine shrubs. The air becomes noticeably thinner, and you might spot Himalayan wil
dlife including red pandas, snow leopards (if lucky), and various pheasant species.
Section 5: Khongma to Dobatay (3,650m) A shorter day designed for acclimatization. The trail traverses through open meadows with spectacular views of Makalu (8,463m) and surrounding peaks. Dobatay offers basic tea house facilities and serves as a crucial acclimatization stop before the final push to higher altitudes.
Section 6: Dobatay to Yangla Kharka (3,600m) The route descends slightly before contouring along the hillside. Yangla Kharka is a summer grazing area used by local herders. The landscape becomes more barren and dramatic, with rocky terrain and sparse vegetation. This area provides stunning views of the Barun Valley and surrounding snow-capped peaks.
Section 7: Yangla Kharka to Langmale Kharka (4,410m) Crossing the Shipton La pass (4,216m), you’ll experience true high-altitude trekking. The terrain becomes increasingly rocky and glacial. Langmale Kharka sits in a spectacular amphitheater surrounded by towering peaks. The air is thin here, and you’ll need to move slowly and drink plenty of water.
Section 8: Langmale Kharka to Makalu Base Camp (4,870m) The final approach to Makalu Base Camp follows the Barun Glacier moraine. The landscape is stark and beautiful, with massive ice formations and close-up views of Makalu’s south face. The base camp sits on a rocky plateau offering 360-degree views of Peaks 6, 7, and 8, along with the imposing Makalu massif.
Optional Extension: Sherpani Col Route Advanced trekkers can continue from Makalu Base Camp to Baruntse Base Camp (5,400m) and cross the technical Sherpani Col (5,400m) pass. This route requires mountaineering experience, proper equipment, and is typically attempted by expedition teams rather than regular trekkers.
Navigation and Trail Conditions
The Makalu Base Camp trek route is generally well-marked, though not as clearly as more popular routes. Stone cairns, occasional signposts, and prayer flags guide the way. However, hiring an experienced guide is highly recommended for several reasons:
- Remote location with limited rescue facilities
- Complex terrain requiring route-finding skills
- Cultural insights and language assistance
- Safety in case of altitude sickness or emergencies
- Navigation during adverse weather conditions
Trail Surface: The path varies from well-maintained stone steps in villages to rough, rocky trails in higher elevations. Expect river crossings on suspension bridges, steep ascents and descents, and glacial moraine walking near base camp.
Seasonal Variations: During spring (March-May), the trail blooms with rhododendrons and offers clearer views. Autumn (September-November) provides stable weather and excellent visibility. Monsoon season (June-August) makes lower sections muddy and leech-infested, while winter (December-February) brings snow to higher elevations, making the trek extremely challenging.
Key Landmarks Along the Route
Tumlingtar (1,010m): Small airport town, starting point of the trek Num (1,500m): Traditional village with panoramic valley views Chichila (1,920m): Charming village with Buddhist monastery Seduwa (1,540m): Agricultural village with terraced fields Tashigaon (2,170m): Last permanent settlement, permit checkpoint Khongma Danda (3,560m): High ridge with first major mountain views Shipton La (4,216m): Named after legendary mountaineer Eric Shipton Barun Valley: Pristine glacial valley, heart of the national park Makalu Base Camp (4,870m): Destination with stunning mountain panorama
Distance and Time Estimates
The total trekking distance from Num to Makalu Base Camp and back is approximately 110-120 kilometers. Daily trekking times vary:
- Short days: 4-5 hours (acclimatization days)
- Regular days: 6-7 hours
Long days: 7-8 hours (during ascent/descent)
These times depend on your fitness level, weather conditions, and acclimatization needs. It’s essential not to rush this trek, as altitude gain must be gradual to prevent altitude sickness.
Using the Makalu Base Camp Trek Map
The attached Makalu Base Camp trekking map provides a clear visual representation of the entire route. Key features include:
- Yellow circles: Indicate lodge/tea house locations where accommodation is available
- Black line: Main trek route from Num to Makalu Base Camp
- Dashed line: Optional route to Sherpani Col and Baruntse Base Camp
- Red dashed line: Flight route from Kathmandu to Tumlingtar
- Transportation icons: Show where road/flight options are available
- Elevation markers: Listed for each major stopping point
- Mountain symbols: Indicate major peaks including Mt. Makalu (8,463m)
Return Journey Options
Most trekkers return via the same route, which typically takes 6-7 days from Makalu Base Camp back to Num. The descent is faster but requires attention to avoid knee injuries on steep downhill sections. Some experienced trekkers choose the challenging high pass route via Sherpani Col and West Col, eventually connecting to the Everest region, but this requires technical mountaineering skills and takes an additional 12-15 days.
Route Accessibility and Infrastructure
The Makalu Base Camp trek route has limited infrastructure compared to mainstream trails. Tea houses are basic, offering simple rooms with twin beds and communal dining areas. Electricity is scarce above Tashigaon, with solar panels providing limited power. Cell phone coverage is sporadic, with Ncell network available in some lower villages. There are no ATMs beyond Tumlingtar, so carry sufficient cash for the entire trek.
This route remains one of Nepal’s hidden gems, offering adventure seekers an opportunity to experience Himalayan trekking as it was decades ago authentic, challenging, and spectacularly beautiful.
What is the best time to trek to Makalu Base camp?
The spring (March-May) and fall (September-November) trekking seasons are the best times for the Makalu Base Camp trek, as the weather is likely to be finest and the temperatures good (particularly at low and mid-elevations).
What’s Included in the Trek Cost
- All domestic flight, hotel/airport transfer
- Deluxe Shanker Hotel or similar category hotel at Kathmandu
- All ground transportation by private vehicles
- All accommodations in tents and all meals during the treks no extra charge for single travelers
- Down jacket, 4 seasonal sleeping bag (down jacket and sleeping bag are to be returned after trip completion)
- Welcome & farewell dinner
- All porterages costs
- All cost for a Himalayan Glacier leader(First Aid and Eco trained English Speaking) and sherpa, a sherpa assistance leader(s) and assistance Trek leader help each individuals while on trek
- All necessary paper works and permits.
- Travel & Rescue arrangements
- Exclusive Medical Kit Bag
- Portable Altitudes Chamber (PAC) for safety measures.
- All government and local taxes if necessary.
- Himalayan Glacier Kit Bag
What Is Not Included in the cost
- Nepal Visa fee (International airfare to & from home city)
- Excess baggage charges
- Lunch & evening meals in Kathmandu.
- Travel and rescue insurance
- Personal expenses e.g. phone calls, laundry, bar bills & extra porters
- Gratuity for staffs.
- Optional trips and sightseeing if extend
Day-by-Day Itinerary Breakdown
Day 01: Arrival at Ktm & Transfer to hotel – 1300m/4264ft
Upon arrival in the Tribhuvan International airport, our representative will welcome you and will assist to transfer you in your hotel in Kathmandu. You may relax at your hotel or go around for shopping, visit nearby places or make friends perhaps.
At evening Wanderlust Adventure will organize welcome dinner for you in one of the tipical Nepalese restaurant in the heart of Kathmandu meanwhile briefing about your adventurous trip will take place. Overnight at Hotel.
Day 02: Fly to Tumlingtar and drive to Chichila (1,840m/6035 ft): 9/10 hrs
A 50 minutes flight from Kathmandu landing on a bumpy grass airstrip at Tumlingtar. From Tumlingtar, about 3 hours jeep drive on a bumpy road takes to the first camp at Chichila.
Day 03: Trek to Num (1,500m/4920 ft): 6/7 hrs
A moderately paced walk through the picturesque villages and lush mountain forests. A ridge line with great views on both side and perched on the end is Num. Thunder and lightning make interesting displays in Num evenings.
Day 04: Trek to Seduwa (1,540m/5051 ft): 6/7 hrs
A steep descent down through the forests and terraced plots of land takes to Arun Khola. Then winding ascends up the other side again. Often quite hot – the forest on the valley sides offer a bit of shade. Makalu National Park starts and we register our permits. Camping right at the top of the village.
Day 05: Trek to Tashigaon (2,070m/6790 ft): 4/5 hrs
Ascend the ridge bounded by the Ipsuwa Khola on the west and Kasuwa Khola to the east. Crossing the hillside through quiet villages and passing by small paddy fields, we reach the village of Tashi Gaon.
Day 06: Trek to Khongma (3,560m/11,676 ft): 6/7 hrs
Trek upwards towards Khongma. Khongma is the last stop before crossing the Shipton La and dropping down into the upper sections of the remote Barun Valley. The green forests are replaced by scrub and rhododendrons that cover the lower reaches of the mountains.
Day 07: Rest & acclimatization day
Rest and acclimatization day allows our bodies to catch up with us before gaining more height. The following day we take on crossing of the Shipton La.
Day 08: Cross Shipton La and trek to Debotay (3,650m/11,972 ft): 7/8 hrs
Climb towards the summit of the Shipton La which takes a few hours to reach. After the lake Kalo Pokhari, pass over the Keke La at 4,152m. Marvelous views of Chamlang 7,319m, Peak 6 (6,524m) and Peak 7 (6,758m). After crossing the Keke La pass, we descend down through the beautiful valley to Debotay. Climbing high and sleeping low gives the opportunity for acclimatization.
Day 09: Trek to Yangle Kharka (3,600m/11,808 ft): 5/6 hrs
From Debotay, pass through the Rhododendron forest leads to the Baruni River and the upper reaches of the valley. A pleasant walk, gaining altitude slowly, until we arrive at Yangle Kharka situated at the base of the valley.
Day 10: Trek to Merek (4,500m/14,760 ft):5/6 hrs
Today, we trek to Merek. Since we are gaining height beyond 4, 000 meters, be sure to allow your body the necessary time for acclimatization.
Day 11: Trek to Shersong: 6/7 hrs
Now we climb up the valley, through yak pastures and boulder fields. On approaching Shersong the south east ridge of Mount Makalu comes into view. Campsite at Shersong.
Day 12: Day tour to Makalu Base Camp (5,000m/16,400 ft): 5/6 hrs
Make sure that you acclimatize well before walking up to Makalu Base Camp. Enjoy the superb views of the Himalayan mountains throughout the day. Return back to Shersong.
Day 13: Trek to Yangle Kharka: 8/9 hrs
Descend back down the valley and take our last glimpse of Makalu before turning the corner and eventually reaching Yangle Kharka.
Day 14: Trek to Mumbuk: 6/7 hrs
Continuing with our descent through the rockfall. Then climb up the rock gully to Mumbuk. We will be again greeted by the greeneries below.
Day 15: Trek to Khongma: 6/7 hrs
Initial steep climb from Mumbuk through a forest of firs and rhododendrons. Cross the Keke La, Shipton La and Ghungru La. Descend to Khogma again.
Day 16: Trek to Tashigaon: 5/6 hrs
Today, we continually descend down to Tashigaon. The descent will be a long and steep one. Cutting across the hillside to eventually reach the Sherpa town of Tashi Gaon.
Day 17: Trek to Num: 4/5 hrs
We are retracing the same path that we came by. We exit the Makalu Barun Camp. Descend down to Arun Khola and Seduwa again. Then another hike through the forest to Num. We follow our footsteps all the way back down to the river. Climb back up the opposite side of the valley to Num.
Day 18: Trek to Chichila, Transfer to Tumlingtar: 9/10 hrs
Again we retrace our steps to Chichila. The final return leg of the trek will see us overnight at Tumlingtar, ready for an early departure to Kathmandu the following day. Transfer to Tumlingtar.
Day 19: Fly back to Kathmandu
We complete the journey with a flight to Kathmandu. We will return to the welcome haven of the Hotel. Once back in Kathmandu, Himalayan Glacier will host an evening barbecue to celebrate the expedition and as a farewell party to thank the Sherpas for their support and friendship.
Day 20: Farewell/ Departure at airport
Today the journey comes to an end. There’s nothing to do but trade emails with your new friends, organize all your photos and finally depart from Nepal. If departing, you’ll be transferred to the International Airport for your departure flight to your onwards destination. Or get ready for the next adventure.
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Frequently Asked Questions About Makalu Base Camp Trek
1. How long is the Makalu Base Camp trek?
The Makalu Base Camp trek typically takes 18 days to complete, including travel days from Kathmandu. The actual trekking days are around 14-15 days, with 8-9 days ascending to base camp and 5-6 days returning. This duration allows for proper acclimatization and ensures your safety at high altitudes. Shorter 14-day itineraries are available for experienced trekkers, while some prefer adding extra acclimatization days for a 20-day journey.
2. How much does the Makalu Base Camp trek cost?
The Makalu Base Camp trek cost varies depending on group size and services included:
- For international trekkers: USD $1,800 – $2,500 per person (group trek)
- Private trek: USD $2,500 – $3,500 per person
The cost typically includes permits, guide and porter services, accommodation, meals during the trek, and ground transportation. International flights, travel insurance, personal expenses, and tips are extra.
3. Do I need a permit for Makalu Base Camp trek?
Yes, you need multiple permits for the Makalu Base Camp trek:
- Makalu Barun National Park Entry Permit: NPR 3,000 for foreigners (NPR 1,500 for SAARC nationals, NPR 100 for Nepali citizens)
- Local Area Permit: NPR 2,000-3,000 (varies by season)
- TIMS Card (Trekkers’ Information Management System): NPR 2,000
These permits can be obtained in Kathmandu through registered trekking agencies. You’ll need your passport, passport-sized photos, and travel insurance documents.
4. Is Makalu Base Camp trek difficult?
Yes, the Makalu Base Camp trek is considered very difficult and is recommended for experienced trekkers only. Here’s why:
- Extreme altitude: Reaches 4,870m with risk of altitude sickness
- Long trekking days: 6-8 hours of walking daily
- Remote location: Limited rescue facilities and basic accommodation
- Challenging terrain: Steep ascents, rocky paths, and glacial moraine
- Physical demands: Requires excellent fitness and prior high-altitude experience
You should have previous trekking experience at 3,500m+ before attempting this trek.
5. Can I do Makalu Base Camp trek without a guide?
While technically possible, it is strongly not recommended to trek to Makalu Base Camp without a guide. Here’s why:
- Remote and unmarked trails: Easy to get lost, especially in bad weather
- Safety concerns: Limited rescue options in case of emergency
- Language barriers: Local villages have minimal English speakers
- Permit requirements: Easier to arrange through agencies
- Cultural insights: Miss authentic experiences and local knowledge
Additionally, many tea houses prefer booking through agencies, and solo trekkers may face accommodation challenges during peak season.
6. What is the best time for Makalu Base Camp trek?
The best times for the Makalu Base Camp trek are:
Spring (March to May)
- Clear mountain views
- Rhododendron forests in full bloom
- Temperatures: 10-15°C at lower altitudes, -5 to 5°C at base camp
- Best overall season for trekking
Autumn (September to November)
- Most stable weather conditions
- Crystal clear visibility
- Post-monsoon freshness
- Peak trekking season
Avoid: Monsoon (June-August) due to leeches, landslides, and poor visibility. Winter (December-February) brings extreme cold and heavy snow above 3,500m.
7. How fit do I need to be for Makalu Base Camp trek?
You need to be in excellent physical condition. Recommended preparation:
- Cardiovascular training: 45-60 minutes daily, 4-5 times per week for at least 2-3 months
- Hiking practice: Weekend hikes with a loaded backpack (8-10 kg)
- Altitude experience: Previous treks to 4,000m+ highly recommended
- Strength training: Focus on legs, core, and back muscles
- Medical check-up: Consult your doctor, especially if you have heart, lung, or blood pressure issues
If you can comfortably hike 6-7 hours daily with elevation gain for consecutive days, you’re ready.
8. Are there tea houses on the Makalu Base Camp trek?
Yes, but tea houses are basic and limited compared to popular routes:
- Num to Tashigaon: Decent tea houses with private rooms
- Tashigaon to Yangla Kharka: Very basic lodges, shared facilities
- Above Yangla Kharka: Extremely basic shelters, limited amenities
- No electricity above Tashigaon (solar power only)
- Simple meals: Dal bhat, noodles, tea, basic snacks
Camping is an alternative for those preferring more comfort and flexibility. Many organized treks use a combination of tea houses and camping.
9. What should I pack for Makalu Base Camp trek?
Essential items for the Makalu Base Camp trek:
Clothing:
- 4-season sleeping bag (-15°C rated)
- Down jacket (800+ fill)
- Waterproof jacket and pants
- Thermal base layers (3-4 sets)
- Trekking boots (broken in)
- Warm hat, sun hat, gloves
Equipment:
- Trekking poles
- Headlamp with extra batteries
- Water purification tablets
- First aid kit with altitude medication
- Sunscreen (SPF 50+) and sunglasses
Documents:
- Passport and permits
- Travel insurance (with helicopter evacuation)
- Emergency contact information
Total pack weight should be 8-10 kg (porters carry main luggage).
10. Can I get altitude sickness on Makalu Base Camp trek?
Yes, altitude sickness is a significant risk on this trek. Key information:
Symptoms to watch for:
- Headache, nausea, dizziness
- Loss of appetite, fatigue
- Shortness of breath
- Difficulty sleeping
Prevention strategies:
- Ascend gradually (max 500m altitude gain per day above 3,000m)
- Stay hydrated (4-5 liters daily)
- Avoid alcohol and sleeping pills
- Take rest days for acclimatization
- Carry Diamox (after consulting your doctor)
Critical: If symptoms worsen, descend immediately. The trek itinerary includes acclimatization days at Khongma and Yangla Kharka to minimize risks.
11. Is travel insurance required for Makalu Base Camp trek?
Yes, comprehensive travel insurance is mandatory. Your policy must cover:
- Emergency helicopter evacuation from up to 6,000m
- Medical treatment up to at least USD $100,000
- Trip cancellation and interruption
- Lost or stolen belongings
- Adventure sports coverage (high-altitude trekking)
Most tea houses and agencies will ask for proof of insurance. Evacuation from Makalu region can cost USD $5,000-10,000, so proper insurance is essential.
12. What is the difference between Makalu Base Camp trek and Everest Base Camp trek?
Key differences:
| Feature | Makalu BC Trek | Everest BC Trek |
|---|---|---|
| Difficulty | Very Hard | Moderate-Hard |
| Duration | 18 days | 12-14 days |
| Altitude | 4,870m | 5,364m |
| Crowds | Very few | Very crowded |
| Tea houses | Basic, limited | Well-developed |
| Permits cost | Lower | Higher |
| Scenery | Pristine wilderness | Iconic peaks |
| Accessibility | Remote | Well-established |
Makalu offers true wilderness experience with minimal crowds, while Everest provides better infrastructure and more dramatic high-altitude landscapes.
